“The NSA’s highest marks went to Facebook’s WhatsApp, Signal (whose code WhatsApp uses), and rival chat app Wickr. Some of the grading criteria: Does the service use end-to-end encryption, which blocks eavesdroppers and snoops? Does it have multi-factor authentication, an option that securely locks down user accounts? Is the technology based on publicly inspectable, open-source code, which is considered more secure than inscrutable proprietary software?”
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